GLEN RIDGE PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Curriculum Guide
Course Title: Integrated
Biology and Chemistry II: Introduction
to Chemistry
Subject: Science
Grade Level: 10, 11
Department/School: Science/High School
Duration: Full
Year
Number of Credits: 5
Prerequisite: Earth
Science and Teacher Recommendation
Elective or Required: Required
Author: Michael Levine
Date Submitted: Summer 2004
Course Description
This course is designed to give students an appreciation of both Biology and Chemistry and provide a working knowledge and ability to experiment in both disciplines. During the second year, students will be introduced to Chemistry. The science of chemistry will be studied, including topics covering chemical and physical properties of matter, chemical and physical changes in matter, the structure of atoms, elements, compounds, and mixtures, chemical bonding, and chemical reactions and energy, as well as the laws of conservation of matter and conservation of energy. The chemical basis of life will also be studied, including enzymes and biochemical reactions and organic and inorganic compounds found in organisms.
GLEN RIDGE PUBLIC SCHOOLS
SCIENCE
The
Our students will use the scientific method to understand and respond to questions about science, technology, and societal and world problems. Students will be challenged and encouraged to take risks and to develop critical thinking skills as they apply to real-world experiences.
Science
STANDARD 5.1
(SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP PROBLEM-SOLVING,
DECISION-MAKING AND INQUIRY SKILLS, REFLECTED BY FORMULATING USABLE QUESTIONS
AND HYPOTHESES, PLANNING EXPERIMENTS, CONDUCTING SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATIONS,
INTERPRETING AND ANALYZING DATA, DRAWING CONCLUSIONS, AND COMMUNICATING
RESULTS.
STANDARD 5.2
(SCIENCE AND SOCIETY) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF HOW PEOPLE
OF VARIOUS CULTURES HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY, AND HOW MAJOR DISCOVERIES AND EVENTS HAVE ADVANCED SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY.
STANDARD 5.3
(MATHEMATICAL APPLICATIONS) ALL STUDENTS WILL INTEGRATE MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL
FOR PROBLEM-SOLVING IN SCIENCE, AND AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSING AND/OR MODELING
SCIENTIFIC THEORIES.
STANDARD
5.4 (NATURE AND PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGY) ALL STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND THE
INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOP A CONCEPTUAL
UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE AND PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGY.
STANDARD 5.5
(CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE
STRUCTURE, CHARACTERISTICS, AND BASIC NEEDS OF ORGANISMS AND WILL INVESTIGATE THE
DIVERSITY OF LIFE.
STANDARD 5.6
(CHEMISTRY) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE AND
BEHAVIOR OF MATTER.
STANDARD 5.7
(PHYSICS) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF NATURAL LAWS AS THEY APPLY
TO MOTION, FORCES, AND ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
STANDARD 5.8 (EARTH
SCIENCE) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE, DYNAMICS,
AND GEOPHYSICAL SYSTEMS OF THE EARTH.
STANDARD 5.9
(ASTRONOMY and SPACE SCIENCE) ALL STUDENTS WILL GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE
ORIGIN, EVOLUTION, AND STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE
STANDARD 5.10
(ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES) ALL STUDENTS WILL DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE
ENVIRONMENT AS A SYSTEM OF INTERDEPENDENT COMPONENTS AFFECTED BY HUMAN ACTIVITY
AND NATURAL PHENOMENA.
Curriculum
Description
UNIT 1 – THE SCIENCE OF CHEMISTRY
Standards 5.1, 5.3, 5.4, 5.6
Objectives:
Each student will be able to:
1. Define chemistry.
2. Identify applications of the study of chemistry.
3. Describe the steps of the Scientific Method and use them to solve a laboratory problem.
4. Differentiate between a theory and a law and explain how they are reached.
5. Identify and apply lab safety rules.
6. Correctly use the metric system.
7. Differentiate between mass and volume and measure the mass and volume of matter.
8. Describe instruments and techniques used in laboratories.
Duration of Time: 3 weeks
Activities:
- Use the Scientific Method to solve a given laboratory problem.
- Practice using the units of the metric system using laboratory equipment.
- Identify and properly use laboratory equipment.
- Measure volume and mass of various items and graph the results.
UNIT 2 – MATTER AND ENERGY
Standards 5.1, 5.3, 5.4, 5.6
Objectives:
Each student will be able to:
1. Define matter.
2. Differentiate between physical properties of matter and chemical properties of matter.
3. Differentiate between physical changes of matter and chemical changes of matter.
4. Describe various properties of matter, including temperature, volume, mass and density.
5. Define energy.
6. Differentiate between potential and kinetic energy.
7. Describe and apply the law of conservation of energy.
8. List and describe the three phases of matter.
9. Describe the processes of phase changes.
Duration of Time: 5 weeks
Activities:
- Demonstrate and identify examples of physical and chemical changes.
- Measure temperature, volume, mass and density of different forms of matter.
- Demonstrate and identify examples of kinetic and potential energy.
- Examine and describe changes in phase of matter.
UNIT 3 – ELEMENTS OF CHEMISTRY:
THE LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY
Standards 5.1, 5.3, 5.6
Objectives:
Each student will be able to:
1. Define element.
2. Describe how elements combine to form compounds.
3. List and describe the different types of mixtures.
4. Explain the purpose of the periodic table of elements.
5. Differentiate between a Period and a Group of a periodic table of elements.
6. Describe how the periodic table of elements is organized.
Duration of Time: 3 weeks
Activities:
- Examine the making and breaking of compounds using chemical reactions.
- Create and separate mixtures.
- Flash card games designed to review the periodic table of the elements.
UNIT 4 – STRUCTURE OF MATTER
Standards 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.6
Objectives:
Each student will be able to:
1. Describe the structure of an atom.
2. List and describe the subatomic particles.
3. Explain the scientists and their experiments leading to discovery of the atom.
4. Describe properties of the atom including atomic mass, atomic number and mass number.
5. Describe properties of the nucleus of an atom.
6. Define an isotope.
7. List and describe uses for radioactive isotopes.
8. Define half-life and explain the process of radioactive dating.
Duration of Time: 4 weeks
Activities:
- Create models of an atom.
- Calculate using mass number and atomic number.
- Calculate using half-life of elements.
UNIT 5 – ATOMIC
MODELS
Standards 5.1, 5.2,
5.3, 5.5, 5.6
Objectives:
Each student will be able to:
1. List and describe the scientists and their experiments that led to today’s model of the atom.
2. Describe the properties of light energy and relate light energy to properties of the atom.
3. Describe the behavior and location of electrons.
4. Explain how electrons are distributed in energy levels and orbitals.
5. Explain how the periodic table helps predict properties of elements.
Duration of Time: 4 Weeks
Activities:
- Draw models of atoms.
- Predict and create models of electron distribution of various elements.
- Examine spectrum of light using prism or “rainbow” glasses.
- Separate pigments in ink to examine different colors of light.
- Use the periodic table to predict the properties of elements.
UNIT 6 – CHEMICAL
BONDS AND MOLECULES
Standards 5.1, 5.3,
5.4, 5.6
Objectives:
Each student will be able to:
1. Define ions and differentiate between cation and anion.
2. Describe and model ionic bonds between elements and between molecules.
3. Describe and model covalent bonds between elements and molecules.
4. List and explain different molecular shapes.
5. Differentiate between polar covalent bonds and nonpolar covalent bonds.
6. Explain how molecules can attract each other.
7. Define solution.
8. List and describe the parts of a solution.
9. Describe and measure the solubility of solutions.
10. Describe the properties of water molecules.
11. Differentiate between adhesion and cohesion.
12. Explain phase changes of water.
13. Read and label a phase change diagram.
Duration of Time: 4 weeks
Activities:
- Model ionic and covalent bonds.
- Examine crystals using a microscope.
- Make 3-D models of different molecules using common household materials.
- Test effect of temperature on solubility of sugar-water solution.
- Calculate solubility of various solutions.
- Make rock candy to examine a supersaturated solution.
- Measure temperature of water as it undergoes phase changes and diagram results.
UNIT 7 – CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
Standards 5.1, 5.3,
5.4, 5.6
Objectives:
Each student will be able to:
1. Define chemical reaction.
2. List the parts of a chemical equation.
3. Identify the reactants and products of a chemical reaction.
4. Define and make calculations using the mole.
5. Use reactions to explain the law of conservation of matter.
6. Describe energy changes in chemical reactions.
7. Differentiate between exothermic and endothermic reactions.
8. Explain how catalysts affect the rate of reactions.
9. Identify other factors that affect the rate of reactions.
10. Differentiate between acids and bases.
11. Read a pH scale to describe acidity.
12. Explain the role of buffers.
Duration of Time: 5 Weeks
Activities:
- Examine chemical reactions in a laboratory and identify reactants and products.
- Measure energy changes in chemical reactions.
- Calculate masses of reactants and products to test law of conservation of matter.
- Practice balancing equations.
- Test the effects of catalysts on reactions.
- Test household solutions for pH and determine if it is acidic or basic.
UNIT 8 – ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS: THE CHEMICALS OF LIFE
Standards 5.1, 5.2,
5.3, 5.4, 5.6
Objectives:
Each student will be able to:
1. Define organic compound.
2. Describe how monomers join to form polymers.
3. Explain the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis in creating macromolecules.
4. Describe structure and function of carbohydrates.
5. Describe structure and function of lipids.
6. Describe structure and function of proteins.
7. Explain role of enzymes as biological catalysts.
8. Describe structure and function of nucleic acids.
9. Define metabolism in relation to biomolecules.
Duration of Time: 4 Weeks
Activities:
- Create models of organic compounds using common materials.
- Use iodine as an indicator to test action of salivary amylase in digesting carbohydrates.
- Model the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
UNIT 9 – CHEMISTRY IN
THE WORLD
Standards 5.1, 5.2,
5.3, 5.4, 5.6, 5.8, 5.10
Objectives:
Each student will be able to:
Explain how chemistry has produced drugs that treat illness.
Describe how these drugs act.
Explain how chemistry helps food production.
Describe the water cycle.
Explain how water can be purified using chemical processes.
Describe the role of chemicals in air pollution.
List and describe sources of energy.
Duration of Time: 4 Weeks
Activities:
- Test effect of pH on plant growth.
- Test different water sources for various pollutants.
- Clean up a mock oil spill.
- Research energy sources and determine best source for the future.
- Examine solar cells and how they work to create energy.
Texts, Resources,
and/or Literature
·
Text: Success in Science: Basic Chemistry by Globe Fearon
·
Teacher edition and teacher resource package of
text, various internet resources, laboratory manuals.