Glossary of commonly used Special Education terms

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) A therapy based on the science of learning and behavior. ABA Therapy applies an understanding of how behavior works in school situations. The goal is to increase behaviors that are helpful and decrease those that interfere with learning. ABA demonstrates that the interventions employed are responsible for behavioral improvement.

 

Accommodations Alteration of the classroom environment, curriculum format, and equipment and materials that allow a student with a disability to access content and/or complete assigned tasks within the general education setting.

 

Behavioral Intervention Plan (BIP) A plan based on a functional analysis of behavior developed to promote positive behavior change through the implementation of positive behavioral support

 

Child Study Team (CST) A group of school personnel, including a school psychologist, learning disabilities teacher-consultant (LDT-C), school social worker, and, when appropriate, speech-language therapist, who are primarily responsible for 1) conducting evaluations to determine eligibility for special education and related services for students with disabilities, 2) developing and implementing individualized education plans, and 3) providing case management services.

 

Evaluation The tests and other assessment procedures, including a review of information, are used to determine eligibility for special education services.

 

Extended School Year (ESY) Special education and related services are provided for a student with a disability outside the regular school year in accordance with the student’s IEP. Eligibility is determined by how much regression a student has and the student’s ability to recoup skills after a break in the school program.

 

Individualized Education Program (IEP) The IEP is a written plan detailing the student’s special education program.  An IEP includes a student’s present level of academic achievement and functional performance, measurable annual goals, and short-term objectives, as well as special education programs and related services.

 

Inclusion The participation of a student with an IEP in a general education setting for all or part of the school day.

 

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) This principle states that students with disabilities should be educated with their non-disabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate.

 

Referral The written request for an initial evaluation to determine whether a student is eligible for special education and related services.

 

Related Services Services are provided to students with a disability when required, so they will benefit from their special education program.  Related services may include counseling, occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech/language services, consultative services, and specialized transportation.